Infección por virus de la hepatitis b y c en pacientes de hemodiálisis / Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus infections in patients on haemodialysis

Joachín Barrios Camba, Cristian Leyva de la Torre, NorKys J. Chávez Moreno, Yahima Cabrera Yero, Diana Rosa Márquez Márquez

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Por la elevada incidencia y prevalencia de las hepatitis virales en los pacientes de hemodiálisis, se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo para conocer incidencia, prevalencia de virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) y de la hepatitis B (VHB), además factores de carácter objetivos. También se evaluó el cumplimiento de las medidas de bioseguridad. Fueron estudiados pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica Terminal (ERCt) en hemodiálisis del servicio Sandino. Se les aplicó una encuesta epidemiológica y realizó AgSVHB, AcVHC por técnica de ELISA de tercera generación. También se aplicó una encuesta a enfermería, además se recogieron datos durante la hemodiálisis durante 2006 y 2007. Los resultados arrojados fueron,prevalencia VHC 45 y 41,6%, años 2006 y 2007 y VHB 10 y 4,1%, respectivamente. Una incidencia VHC 5% y 12,5%, años 2006 y 2007 y VHB 0 y 4,1%, respectivamente. Predominó el sexo masculino con 15 pacientes, raza blanca con 17 y el 48,1% era mayor de 50 años. El tiempo en hemodiálisis con más pacientes fue el de menos de 5 años con 66,6%, al igual que los pacientes con vacunación completa VHB. El 40,7% de los pacientes se habían transfundido más de una vez. Se concluyó que es baja la frecuencia de casos VHB, no así VHC, que se mantiene con mayor número. Los factores como transfusiones de sangre se relacionaron con VHC y VHB. No encontramos relación entre el sexo, raza, edad, tiempo en hemodiálisis con el VHC, VHB. En general se cumplen las medidas de bioseguridad.

Palabras clave: Virus de la Hepatitis B/ Complicaciones, Hepatitis C/ Complicaciones, Diálisis Renal, Insuficiencia Renal Crónica.

ABSTRACT

An observational descriptive and prospective study was aimed at knowing the incidence and prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus as well as the objective factors. The fulfilment of biosecurity measures was evaluated. Patients suffering from Terminal Chronic Renal Disease (TCRD) were studied in the haemodialysis unit in Sandino hospital, these patients were also surveyed epidemiologically, and AgSVHB and AcVHC were used applying the third generation technique (ELISA). Nurses were also surveyed and data during haemodialysis in 2006-2007 were compiled. Results showed a prevalence rate of CVH 45 and 41.6% (2006 and 2007) and a prevalence of BVH of 0 and 4, 1 %, respectively. Masculine sex was predominating (15 patients), as well as the Caucasian race (17 patients) and 40.1% of patients was over 50 years old. Most of the patients stayed in dialysis less than 5 years (66.6%) and also those patients with a complete vaccination (HBV). 40, 7% had been transfunded more than once. It is concluded with a low frequency of HBV and a great frequency in the HCV. It was not observed any relationship among sex, race, age, time in haemodialysis with HCV and HBV. In general the biosecurity measurements are fulfilled.

Key words: Hepatitis B Virus/Complications, Hepatitis c /Complications, Renal Dialysis, Chronic Renal Failure.

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Copyright (c) 1969 Joachín Barrios Camba, Cristian Leyva de la Torre, NorKys J. Chávez Moreno, Yahima Cabrera Yero, Diana Rosa Márquez Márquez

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