Uso del tramadol como analgésico en el postoperatorio inmediato. The use of tramadol as an immediate postoperative analgesic
Abstract
El dolor constituye una experiencia sumamente desagradable para quienes lo experimentan, el descubrimiento de nuevos fármacos hacen posible el control eficaz del mismo. Con el objetivo de demostrar la efectividad del tramadol, se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en el hospital universitario "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de enero a diciembre 2003, a 60 pacientes ASA I y II los cuales fueron divididos en tres grupos de 20 pacientes cada uno, sometidos a cirugía electiva en las especialidades de ortopedia, cirugía general y ginecología. La selección de la muestra fue al azar, utilizando la tabla de números aleatorios. Obtenemos que la analgesia lograda fue buena en el 88% de los casos en la primera evaluación y en sentido general el método se puede extender a cualquier tipo de cirugía, ya sea somática o visceral ya que no hubo diferencias significativas entre los diferentes grupos, p > 0.05. Las dosis de rescate analgésico fueron mas necesarias a las 8 horas dado que la concentración plasmática de la primera dosis comienza a decaer a las 5.7 ± 2.9 horas. La primera hora fue la más crítica en cuanto a sedación, destacándose mejor estado de vigilia en el grupo C, en las sucesivas evaluaciones los pacientes se mantuvieron despiertos sin diferencias significativas, p> 0.05. Las reacciones secundarias más frecuentes fueron las náuseas y los vómitos observados en los grupos A y C. En la cirugía traumatológica las náuseas y los vómitos juntos apenas llegan al 20 %. El método se puede hacer extensivo a cualquier proceder quirúrgico con buena efectividad y pocos efectos secundarios.
Palabras clave: TRAMADOL, ANALGESIA, DOLOR POSTOPERATORIO.
ABSTRACT
The pain is an extremely unpleasant experience for those undergoing it. The discovering of new drugs makes it possible for the effectiveness of Tramadol, a descriptive and prospective study was performed at Abel Santamaría University Hospital from Junary to December, 2003 with 60 patients ASA I and II who were devided into 3 groups of 20 patients each, who underwent an electic surgery in the specialties of orthopedics, general surgery and gynecology. The sample selection was at random numbers. We found that analgesia achieved was good in 88 % cases at first assesment and generally the method can be extended to any type of surgery, whether somatic or visceral, since there was no significant difference between groups, p < 0.05. Doses for analgenis recovery were more necessary at 8 hours since since plasma concentration on first dose started to falla to 5.7±2.9 hours. The first tour was most critical in terms of sedation, being more outstanding the status of wakening in group C; in successive evaluations patients stayed awake with no significant difference, p > 0.05. most frequent side effects were nausea and vomits observed in groups A and C. In trauma surgery nausea and vomits together hardly reach 20 %. The method can be extended to any surgical procedure effectively and with few side effects.
Key words: TRAMADOL, ANALGESIA, POSTOPERATIVE PAIN.
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