Propuesta de inserción de un módulo de cirugía experimental en la carrera de medicina A Proposal of a Surgery Experimental Model in the Medical Study
Abstract
El nuevo perfil de salida del egresado de Ciencias Médicas obliga a desarrollar metodologías docentes de simulación o experimentación que permitan mejorar la enseñanza-aprendizaje tradicional realizada con el paciente, idealmente en Laboratorios de Cirugía Experimental, ya que existen dificultades en la adquisición de habilidades y destrezas en técnicas quirúrgicas elementales en el egresado que formamos, por lo que se considera necesario proponer una alternativa pedagógica consistente en la adquisición de habilidades y destrezas quirúrgicas básicas mediante la enseñanza de simuladores biológicos. Para lo cual se encuestaron 170 alumnos cursantes del 5to año de la carrera de Medicina en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río y 32 docentes que en ambos hospitales provinciales imparten la asignatura Cirugía en el cuarto año de ésta, indagando sobre la adquisición de habilidades quirúrgicas y dónde se presentaban dificultades al respecto. Se detectó que una gran parte no sabe suturar heridas, y los que saben hacerlo, aprendieron practicando en pacientes con la asesoría de docentes y residentes. Los docentes por su parte en su totalidad consideran que existen dificultades en la adquisición de estas habilidades y coinciden en lo oportuno de realizar un entrenamiento en simuladores biológicos. Por lo que se infiere que existen dificultades serias en la adquisición de destrezas sobre técnicas quirúrgicas elementales, por lo que se propone un modelo de estrategia docente para una rotación de cuatro horas semanales durante 10 semanas, dirigido por docentes especialistas, para la enseñanza de habilidades y destrezas de manera experimental en simuladores biológicos.
Palabras Clave: ESTUDIANTES DE MEDICINA, ENSEÑANZA, CIRUGÍA, EVALUACIÓN EDUCACIONAL.
ABSTRACT
The new profile of the graduate in Medical Science force us to design teaching methodologies of simulation or experimentation allowing to improve the traditional teaching-learning which is done specially with the patient in the Experimental Surgery Laboratories, bearing in mind the problems existing for the skilling in the elementary surgical techniques in the graduate , so it is necessary to propose a pedagogical alternative on the acquirement of the surgical basic skills through the teaching of biological simulators , and 170 students were surveyed as well as 32 professors who teach surgery in both provincial hospitals. In the present study it is concluded that serious difficulties exist in the skills on elementary surgical techniques, that is why a model of teaching strategy is proposed for four hours during 10 weeks lead by specialists in the skill teaching in biological simulators.
Key words: MEDICINE STUDENTS, TEACHING, SURGERY, EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION.
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