Intoxicaciones agudas accidentales pediátricas. Estudio epidemiológico. Acute accidental poisoning in pediatric ages. An epidemiological study
Abstract
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal de los niños que ingresaron en el Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente " Pepe Portilla" de Pinar del Río, con el diagnóstico de intoxicación aguda accidental, con el objetivo de determinar los factores epidemiológicos que influyen en la ocurrencia de este accidente y desarrollar medidas preventivas. Estudiamos las variables: sexo, edad, día de la semana, área de salud, agente, circunstancias en que ocurrió la intoxicación, escolaridad de los padres y otros aspectos preventivos. Del total de ingresos por accidentes el 84,51 % correspondió a niños intoxicados. Las sustancias más involucradas fueron los productos químicos, para un 67,85 %, destacándose dentro de ellas los hidrocarburos y caústicos, seguidos por los medicamentos. El grupo de mayor riesgo está contemplado en las edades de 0-3 años para ambos sexos, localizándose los viernes y sábados como día de mayor incidencia. Es el hogar con un 90,47 % el sitio de mayor frecuencia, prevaleciendo el área urbana con un 58,33 %. Dentro de los factores epidemiológicos preventivos se detectaron las insuficiencias siguientes: bajo grado de escolaridad de los padres, poca educación sanitaria brindad, que es solamente ofrecida por el médico general integral, no siendo desarrollada por los demás miembro de Grupo Básico de Trabajo, así como la poca divulgación por otros medios de radiodifusión, excepto la televisión.
DeCS: INTOXICACIONES ACCIDENTALES/epidemiología/prevención.
ABSTRACT
A descriptive, prospective longitudinal study was made in children who were admitted at Pepe Portilla Memorial Pediatric Hospital In Pinar del Río with the diagnosis of accidental acute intoxication, in the period from October 1997 to September 1998 aimed at the determination of epidemiological factors influencing the occurrence of this accident and to take preventive measures. The variables studied were: sex, age, day of the week, health area, agent, circumstance in which intoxication occurred, school instruction of the parents ant other preventive aspects. Of the total of admission because of accidents 84,51 % were intoxicated children. The most involved products were chemical products with a 67,85 %, with a prevalence of hydrocarbons and caustic products, followed by drugs. The highest risk group is between 0-3 for both sexes, with Fridays and Sundays as the with highest incidence. Home is the most frequent place with 90,47 %, with prevalence of the urban area with 58, 33 %. Among the preventive epidemiological factors were the following insufficiencies: low school degree of parents, little sanitary education, only offered by the General Physician, it is not developed by the other member of the Basic Work Group as well as the little propaganda by others means, except the television.
DeCS: ACCIDENTAL INTOXICATION/ epidemiologic/ prevention.
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