Conocimientos sobre hipertensión arterial en una población rural. Knowledge of hypertension in a rural population
Abstract
Se encuestó el total de las personas (381) mayores de quince años, de ambos sexos (216 mujeres y 165 hombres) de un consultorio rural médico de la familia del Municipio San Luis, Pinar del Río, con el objetivo de determinar los conocimientos de los entrevistados sobre el riesgo de la hipertensión arterial (HTA) para el desarrollo de otras enfermedades, los factores más influyentes en su descompensación, los principales síntomas y medidas de prevención e intervenir con acciones de promoción de salud. Los resultados fueron analizados utilizando un test de proporciones con un nivel de significación de p < 0.05. El número de desconocedores (71.7%) de que la HTA es factor de riesgo de otras enfermedades, de los factores en su descompensación (64.1%) y de los principales síntomas de la enfermedad (70%), fue significativo (p<0.05). El 51.2% de los entrevistados conocieron de las principales medidas para su prevención y determinaron como fundamentales la reducción de la sal en la dieta (69.5%), la reducción del peso (53.7%) y limitación del alcohol (53.5%). Se concluye que en la población estudiada existe un desconocimiento significativo sobre HTA y que por medio de acciones directas de promoción de salud se puede lograr la adquisición de conocimientos básicos de la enfermedad y una toma de conciencia de las personas, la que puede ser de gran importancia para su calidad de vida futura.
DeCS: HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL / CONOCIMIENTOS / PROMOCIÓN DE SALUD
ABSTRACT
A survey was made in 381 persons older than 15 years old, of both sexes (216 females and 165 males) of a family physician's office at San Luis Municipality, Province of Pinar del Río, aimed at the determination of knowledge of the interviewed persons about the risk of artery hypertension (HTA) for the development of other diseases, the most influencing factors in its descompensation, the main symptoms, preventive measures and intervention with promotion actions of health. Results were analyzed using a proportion test with a significant level of p<0,05. The amount of persons who did not know (71,7 %) of the fact that AHT is a risk factor of other diseases, of the factors of its descompensation (64,1 %) and the main symptoms of the disease (70 %) was significant (p<0,05). 51,2 % of the interviewed persons knew about the main measures for its prevention and determined as the main measures the salt in the diet (69,5%), body weight decrease (53,7%) and limitation of alcohol consumption (53,5%). Conclusion is made that in the study population that there is a significant ignorance about AHT and the fact that by means of direct actions of health promotion the acquisition of basic knowledge of the disease and a consciousness by people, which may be of great importance for their future quality of life.
DeCS: ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION/knowledge, HEALTH PROMOTION.
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