Factores de riesgo y evolución de las gestantes con preeclampsia grave. Risk factors and evolution of pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia
Abstract
Con el objetivo de conocer los factores de riesgo y la evolución de las gestantes con preclampsia grave, se realizo un estudio retrospectivo en 150 embarazadas portadoras de la entidad ingresadas en el Hospital Docente Gineco-Obstétrico Justo Legón Padilla de Pinar del Río de Marzo 1993 a Febrero l994. Se estudiaron variables: edad materna, paridad, modo de terminación del embarazo, vía de nacimiento, causas de cesárea peso y Apgar del recién nacido y la morbi-mortalidad perinatal y materna. Se seleccionaron 200 gestantes sin hipertensión como grupo control y se utilizo porcentaje, chi cuadrado prueba de proporciones para grupos independientes y Odds Ratio con un nivel de significación de p<05. Fueron factores de riesgo la adolescencia y la nuliparidad (OR=2.7 y 1.2 respectivamente, la cesárea se realizo en el 68% y estuvo relacionada con el parto inducido (P <0,001) y las causas mas frecuentes: electiva (50,5%), inducción fallida (9,9%) y el sufrimiento fetal agudo (5,8%); la hipoxia neonatal se relaciono con el parto pretérmino y la cesárea urgente (P< 0,001). Hubo 5 muertes fetales tardías y 2 neonatales precoces, no hubo muertes maternas y la morbilidad mas frecuente de estas: coagulación intravascular diseminada, la sepsis puerperal y el síndrome de Hellp.
DeCS: HIPERTENSION/epidemeologia; TOXEMIAS DEL EMBARAZO; CESÁREA/morbilidad.
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