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Efectos inmunomoduladores de la dieta mediterránea en pacientes adultos con lupus eritematoso sistémico
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Introducción: el lupus eritematoso sistémico es una enfermedad autoinmune inflamatoria caracterizada por la producción de autoanticuerpos. La patogenia es desconocida, se sugiere que factores hormonales, ambientales y nutricionales pueden desencadenar respuestas inmunitarias alteradas. La dieta mediterránea, rica en alimentos integrales, se ha estudiado por sus efectos antiinflamatorios en esta patología. Objetivo: analizar los efectos inmunomoduladores de la dieta mediterránea en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico. Métodos: la investigación se realizó mediante una recolección de información de artículos científicos en diferentes buscadores de artículos científicos como PubMed, Google Académico, Medline, Scielo, Sciencia Direct, Elseiver, MDPI, Medigraphic, Medscape, ResearchGate, BMJ Journals. La estrategia de búsqueda se limitó a los artículos en un rango desde el 2019 hasta el 2023, en idioma español e inglés acerca de los efectos inmunomoduladores de la dieta mediterránea en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico. Los términos de búsqueda que se utilizaron en la redacción fueron verificados con los descriptores MESH y DeCS, y fueron: “enfermedades autoinmunes”, “lupus eritematoso sistémico”, “dieta en lupus”, “nutrientes”, “dieta mediterránea”, “intervención dietética”, “efecto inmunomodulador”. Para la inclusión y exclusión, los estudios fueron evaluados acorde a las guías del método PRISMA, se incluyeron 28 artículos. Resultados: los resultados señalan que la dieta mediterránea impacta positivamente en marcadores inflamatorios y disfunción endotelial. Componentes como ácidos grasos poliinsaturados omega-3, fibra dietética y micronutrientes como vitamina D, A y C exhiben propiedades antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes. Además, se estudia la relevancia de minerales como calcio, selenio y hierro. Conclusiones: la dieta mediterránea muestra efectos inmunomoduladores beneficiosos en pacientes con LES. Se resalta la necesidad de considerar la dieta como parte integral del manejo de esta enfermedad autoinmune, lo que complementa el tratamiento convencional y mejora el pronóstico de los pacientes.
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