Immunomodulatory effects of the Mediterranean diet in adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Keywords:
Autoimmune diseases, Immunomodulatory effect, Mediterranean diet, Dietary intervention, Systemic lupus erythematous.Abstract
Introduction: systemic lupus erythematous is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies. The pathogenesis is unknown, it is suggested that hormonal, environmental and nutritional factors can trigger altered immune responses. The Mediterranean diet, rich in whole foods, has been studied for its anti-inflammatory effects on this pathology. Objective: to analyze the immunomodulatory effects of the Mediterranean diet in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: the research was carried out by collecting information from scientific articles in different scientific article search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Scielo, Sciencia Direct, Elseiver, MDPI, Medigraphic, Medscape, ResearchGate, BMJ Journals. The search strategy was limited to articles ranging from 2019 to 2023, in Spanish and English, about the immunomodulatory effects of the Mediterranean diet in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The search terms used in the writing were verified with the MESH and DeCS descriptors, and were: “autoimmune diseases”, “systemic lupus erythematous”, “and lupus diet”, “nutrients”, “Mediterranean diet”, intervention diet”, “immunomodulatory effect”. For inclusion and exclusion, the studies were evaluated according to the PRISMA method guidelines, 28 articles were included. Results: the results indicate that the Mediterranean diet positively impacts inflammatory markers and endothelial dysfunction. Components such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber and micronutrients such as vitamin D, A and C exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In addition, the relevance of minerals such as calcium, selenium and iron is studied. Conclusions: the Mediterranean diet shows beneficial immunomodulatory effects in patients with SLE. The need to consider diet as an integral part of the management of this autoimmune disease is highlighted, which complements conventional treatment and improves the prognosis of patients.
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