Cáncer de mama: cirugía conservadora vs mastectomia radical.
Abstract
Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y comparativo tomando como universo 530 pacientes portadoras de cáncer de mama en las etapas I y II de la enfermedad, operadas en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de Pinar del Río, en el período de tiempo comprendido entre el 1ero. de Enero de 1988 y el 31 de Diciembre de 2003, las que fueron intervenidas por diferentes técnicas, 345 (65,09 %) con proceder conservador y 185 (34,90%) con técnicas radicales (Patey, mastectomía total ampliada y mastectomía simple). El comportamiento de las recidivas locales fue significativo a favor de la cirugía conservadora 9,59% y 18,37% las técnicas radicales;comportamiento similar se presentó con las metástasis a distancia, 8,11% en las tratadas coservadoramente y 20,0% en los tratamientos radicales. La supervivencia global a los 5 años favoreció a las pacientes con cirugía conservadora (90,47%) en relación con las operadas de forma radical (73,64%). Con el objetivo de evaluar el comportamiento del cáncer de mama según la técnica quirúrgica empleada.
Palabras clave: CIRUGIA, MAMA, NEOPLASMAS DE LA MAMA/cirugía/tratamiento, METETASTASIS DEL NEOPLASMA.
ABSTRACT
Aimed at assessing breast cancer behaviour according to operative procedures a retrospective and comparative study was conducted taking as universe 530 female patients suffering from breast cancer (I and II stages of the disease) at Abel Santamaría University Hospital during the period of January 1st, 1998 and December 31, 2003 using different operative procedures, 345 (65.09 %) with conservative operative procedure and 185 (34.90 %) with radical mastectomy (Patey total wide mastectomy and simple mastectomy). Behaviour of local relapses was significant in favour of conservative operation 9.59 % and 18.37 % of radical operative procedures; a similar behaviour was present with distant metastases 8.11 % in those treated conservatively and 20.0 % in radical treatments. Global survival in 5 years favoured those patients who underwent conservative operation (90.47 %) in relation to those with radical mastectomy (73.64 %).
Key words: BREAST NEOPLASMA/surgery/treatment, MASTECTOMY RADICAL, NEOPLASM METASTASIS.
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