Contribution of the interaction of genome and environment in the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, Genome, Genetics, Risk factors.Abstract
Introduction: diabetes mellitus worsens the prognosis of the three leading causes of death in Cuba. The rate in Pinar del Río is 4.3 x 100 000 and its prevalence of 29.6 per 1,000 inhabitants.Objective: to determine the role of genome-environment interaction, the level of knowledge of complications and the degree of perceived risk in the occurrence of Type-2 diabetes mellitus, to propose a preventive-educational strategy of the disease.
Material and method: A study of cases and population-based controls at Raúl Sánchez university polyclinic was conducted. The target group consisted of 87 individuals with Type-2 diabetes and the sample of 60 cases and 120 controls, in a 1: 2 proportion, matched by age, biological sex and geographical area. Pearson chi-square was used to determine the association and Odds Ratio to measure magnitude. A study of genome-environment interaction was performed with additive and multiplicative models.
Results: the risk of developing the disease increases 10.83 times when family genetic factors interact with those from first degree generations affected, together with environmental factors obesity and 5.75 times when interacting with fat diet. Maternal line prevailed. The 66.0% of patients know about the complications of the disease, and 61.7% of healthy patients have a correct perception of the risk of suffering from the disease.
Conclusions: obesity, high-fat diet and sedentary life styles modulate the genetic predisposition for Type-2 diabetes mellitus. As more genes are shared, there is more genetic predisposition; the genome-environment interaction significantly increases the risk.
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