Paludismo grave y complicado en niños. Hospital regional de Bata. Guinea Ecuatorial. 2003. Severe and complicated malaria in children at “Bata” Regional Hospital- Equatorial Guinea
Abstract
El paludismo grave es el causado por el Plasmodium falciparum, que cada año cobra millones de vidas en los países del tercer mundo, siendo los niños los más afectados, por este motivo se realizó estudio prospectivo, descriptivo transversal de los pacientes pediátricos que ingresaron con gota gruesa positiva a plasmodium falciparum, del mes de enero a julio del año 2003 en el hospital regional de Bata en Guinea Ecuatorial. Se encontró que el 49% de los ingresos correspondieron a los niños de 1-4 años, siguiendoles los menores de un año con 34,5% de casos. Se encontró que el 24% de los niños solo permanecieron un día en el hospital y el 67% de 2-5 días. Presentaron complicaciones 35,5% de los ingresados, la anemia severa fue la complicación que más se presentó (17,3%), los trastornos hidroelectrolíticos le siguieron con un 10%. Fallecieron 16 niños, de ellos con anemia severa 10 para (62,5%), con estadía de menos de un día fallecieron 7 pacientes y de 2-5 días otros 7 niños y entre los 6-13 días hubo 2 muertes. La principal recomendación fue que los niños con sospecha de paludismo deben ser atendidos inmediatamente para evitar las graves complicaciones de ésta enfermedad.
Key words: MALARIA SEVERA/complicaciones/mortalidad.
ABSTRACT
Severe malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum taken millions of lives in Third World countries every year and being children the most affected. A descriptive, prospective, cross "sectional and correlational-casual study was carried out with pediatric patients who were admitted at Bata Regional Hospital in Equatorial Guinea after practicing a thick" film method test with positive results of plasmodium falciparum from January to July 2003, aimed at establishing clinical features of children affected by plasmodium falciparum determining the number of admissions, stay in hospital, complications and mortality, scientific methods used were empiric; analyzing documents and verbal interviews, statistic methods were: parametric samples and percentage-mean, using descriptive statistics. It was determined that 49 % of the admitted children were 1-4 years old, followed by children under 1 year old (34.5 %) of the cases, 24 % of the children stayed one day in the hospital and 67 % stayed from 2 to 5 days. The total of cases admitted presenting complications were 397; it was not possible to evaluate 232 cases (23 %), severe anemia was the most frequent complications "200 children (20 %), electrolyte disorders in 79 cases (10 %) and hypoglycemia" 70 cases (7 %). Sixteen children died with severe anemia 10 (62.5 %). Those patients staying in the hospital less than a day (7 died), from 2 ? 5 days (7 children died) with 6 - 13 days in hospital only 2 children died. The most important conclusion stated was: that those children being suspected of suffering from Malaria should be immediately assisted in order to avoid severe complications of this disease.
Key words: SEVERE MALARIA/mortality/complications.
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