Algunos aspectos epidemiológicos en la morbilidad obstétrica crítica. Some epidemiological aspects in critical obstetric morbidity

Authors

  • Jorge M. Balestena Sánchez Especialista de Segundo Grado Ginecología y Obstetricia. Profesor Asistente. Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado". Pinar del Río.
  • Dagoberto Márquez Suárez Especialista de Primer Grado Ginecología y Obstetricia. Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado". Pinar del Río.
  • Irene Pastrana Román Especialista de Segundo Grado Medicina Interna. Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado". Pinar del Río.
  • Rogelio Fernández Alech Especialista de Segundo Grado Ginecología y Obstetricia. Profesor Asistente. Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado". Pinar del Río.
  • Joaquín Pérez Labrador Especialista de Primer Grado en Admnistración de la Salud. Hospital General Docente "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado". Pinar del Río.

Abstract

Con la finalidad de analizar el comportamiento de la morbilidad en la paciente obstétrica crítica se realizó una investigación retrospectiva, transversal, analítica en el Hospital Universitario "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado", durante el periodo de mayo del 2001 hasta diciembre de 2004. El universo quedó conformado por todas las pacientes obstétricas (embarazadas o puérperas)  que ingresaron en dicho hospital en el período antes mencionado, la muestra se formó con todas aquellas pacientes que ingresaron en la terapia intensiva, se estudiaron variables relacionadas con la madre, el embarazo y el parto. Utilizamos el por ciento, el promedio y la desviación estándar así como el test de diferencia de proporciones (Z), con nivel de significación de p< 0,05. También se utilizará el Odds Ratio (OR) para buscar factor de riesgo y el riesgo atribuible porcentual (RDP), así como el intervalo de confianza para el OR al 95%. La morbilidad materna grave se relacionó altamente con: la gestante añosa, la multigesta, las que tenían partos anteriormente, el asma bronquial, la hipertensión arterial y la cardiopatía; así como los procesos hipertensivos de embarazo. Las causas obstétricas fueron las de mayor frecuencia. La anemia y la sepsis respiratoria fueron las complicaciones que predominaron. Concluimos que existen eventos maternos capaces de producir procesos morbosos graves en el embarazo y el puerperio.

Palabras Clave: EMBARAZO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA, MORBILIDAD, PUERPERIO/Complicaciones

ABSTRACT

In order to analyze the behaviour of the morbidity rate in the critical obstetric patient a retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical research was performed at Abel Santamaría Cuadrado University Hospital, from May 2001 to December 2004. The whole sample was comprised by all the obstetric patients (pregnant or puerperal) who were admitted at such hospital during the period above mentioned. The sample comprised all those patients admitted at the Intensive Unit Care. Variables related to the mother, the pregnancy, and labor were analyzed. The percentage, the average and standard deviation were used, as well as the ratio difference test with a level of significance p<0.05. Also, odds ratio (OR) was used to ascertain the risk factor and the attributable percentage risk, as well as the confidence interval for OR 95%. The serious maternal morbidity was highly associated with the aging, pregnant, multipara, those who underwent previous labors, bronchial asthma, hypertension, and heart disease, as well as the hypertensive processes during pregnancy. The obstetric causes were most frequent. Anemia and respiratory sepsis were the predominant complications. As a conclusion, there are maternal events capable of producing serious processes during pregnancy and puerperium.

Key words: EPIDEMIOLOGY, MORBIDITY, PREGNANCY, PUERPERIUM / Complications

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How to Cite

1.
Balestena Sánchez JM, Márquez Suárez D, Pastrana Román I, Fernández Alech R, Pérez Labrador J. Algunos aspectos epidemiológicos en la morbilidad obstétrica crítica. Some epidemiological aspects in critical obstetric morbidity. Rev Ciencias Médicas [Internet]. 2012 Oct. 9 [cited 2025 Aug. 29];10(3):51-60. Available from: https://revcmpinar.sld.cu/index.php/publicaciones/article/view/271

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 3 (2006)

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

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