Comportamiento de la inducción del parto. Behaviour of induced labor
Abstract
Con el objetivo de contribuir al mejor conocimiento del comportamiento de la inducción del parto según la nueva metodología de trabajo, se realizó una investigación prospectiva, transversal y descriptiva en el Hospital Docente Gineco-Obstétrico "Justo Legón Padilla" de Pinar del Río en el período comprendido desde Enero 2002- Diciembre 2003. El universo estuvo constituido por la totalidad de los nacimientos del período, y el grupo estudio por las gestante con labor inducida (n = 360); se estudiaron variables de la madre, del nacimiento y del producto de la concepción, y a los datos obtenidos se les aplicó porcentaje y media. Las causas de cesáreas más frecuentes fueron el sufrimiento fetal agudo (45,66%) y la desproporción céfalo pélvica (26,08%), estando relacionada la primera con el oligoamnios, el crecimiento intrauterino retardado y la hipertensión arterial crónica, y la desproporción céfalo pélvica estuvo relacionada con el embarazo prolongado y la diabetes mellitus; el puntaje de Apgar < 7 en cesáreas con labor inducida fue 1,5 veces más frecuente que en el parto, la muerte fetal intraparto fue en gestantes con embarazo prolongado, hubo un 11,66% de gestantes con morbilidad, y las principales fueron las sépticas y las hemorrágicas, siendo las sépticas 2,16 veces más frecuentes que las hemorrágicas.
Palabras clave: TRABAJO DE PARTO INDUCIDO.
ABSTRACT
Aimed at contributing with better knowledge of induced labor and following the new methodology of work, a prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive research was conducted at "Justo Legón Padilla" Gineco-Obstetric Hospital in Pinar del Río during the period of January 2002-December 2003. The whole sample took the totality of births during the period, and the group of study the pregnants who underwent induced labor (n = 360); the variables of mother, birth and the conception product were analyzed, and methods of percentage and mean were applied to data collected. The most frequent causes of cesarean sections were: acute fetal distress (45.66%) and cephalo-pelvic disproportion (26.08%), being related the first one to oligoamnios, retarded intrauterine growth and chronic hypertension. Cephalo-pelvic disproportion was related to prolonged pregnancy and diabetes mellitus, Apgar score < 7 in cesarean sections, in induced labor 1.5 times more frequent than in natural labors; fetal death intralabor was present in pregnants with morbidities, and the main causes were septic and haemorrhagic infections, being the septic ones 2.16 times more frequent than the haemorrhagic.
Key words: INDUCED LABOR
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