Infección nosocomial en la terapia intensiva neonatal. Factores de riesgo. Pinar del Río 2001-2003. Nosocomial infection in the neonatal intensive care unit. Risk factors, Pinar del Río
Abstract
Con el objetivo de evaluar los factores de riesgo de las infecciones nosocomiales en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal del Hospital General Universitario "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" de Pinar del Río, se realizó una investigación observacional, analítica, de tipo caso-control, para ello se estudiaron 170 niños ingresados en esta unidad en el período comprendido de abril de 2001 a diciembre de 2003. Se recogió en una planilla tipo y momento de adquisición de la infección, abordaje vascular, ventilación mecánica y gérmenes aislados, entre otros. Se elaboró una base de datos en Microsoft Excel-97, se aplicaron los Test de Chi cuadrado y test de Student, ambos con un intervalo de confianza de p < 0.05. Se observó que el peso al nacer, el sexo, la edad gestacional, estadía en UCIN, ventilación mecánica y abordaje vascular profundo resultaron estar relacionados de forma significativa con la adquisición de las infecciones nosocomiales, al ser comparado con un grupo control de similares características. Los gérmenes más frecuentes asilados fueron la E. Coli y el estafilococo coagulasa negativo.
Palabras clave: Infección nosocomial, ventilación mecánica, cateterismo intravascular, abordaje vascular.
ABSTRACT
With the purpose of evaluating risk factors of nosocomial infections in the Intensive Care Unit of the "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" General Hospital in Pinar del Río, an observational, analytical and a case-control research was performed in 170 children admitted at this Unit from April 1st., 2001, to December 31st., 2003. The nosocomial infection and time of being infected were recorded in a form, as well as the vascular approach, artificial ventilation and isolated germs, among others. A data base using the Microsoft Excel 97 software was designed, and chi-square test was used, both of them with a confidence interval of p<0,05. It was observed that birth weight, sex, gestational age, stay at ICU, artificial ventilation and deep vascular approach were related significantly with the onset of the nosocomial infection versus a control group showing similar characteristics. E. Coli and negative coagulase were the most frequent isolated germs.
Key words: Nosocomial infection, artificial ventilation, intraventricular catheter, vascular approach.
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