Neuralgia del trigémino: fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Trigeminal neuralgia: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment
Abstract
Varias teorías tratan de dar respuesta a la fisiopatología de la neuralgia del trigémino, que a su vez puede ser de dos tipos, neuralgia secundaria o sintomática del trigémino y neuralgia esencial o idiopática del trigémino. Se realizo una revisión sobre los mecanismos implicados en la fisiopatologí de esta enfermedad, que permiten llegar al diagnostico de la misma y decidir un plan de tratamiento acorde a sus características. Se encontró que la teoría de las descargas epilépticas a nivel de los nucleos trigeminales y la compresiva son las mas comunes, justificando el tratamiento medicamentoso en el primer caso y quirúrgico en el segundo, al respecto se señala que las técnicas de elección son las que implican vías menos invasivas de acceso al nervio y conllevan una menor limitación funcional, existiendo otras alternativas de tratamiento como lo son: laserterapia, inhibición fisiológica del dolor, estimulación neural transcutanea y acupuntura.
DeCs: NEURALGIA, NEURALGIA DEL TRIGEMINO/fisiopatología.
Several theories have tried to define pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia. This neuralgia is divided into to different types: secondary or symtomatic trigeminal neuralgia and essential or idiopathic neuralgia. A review about the mecanisms involved in the pathophisiology of this disease can be done in order to decide an adequate treatment. It was found that both theory of epilectic discharges at trigeminal nuclei and the comprehensive one are the most common ones, justifying medical treatment and surgery, respectively. Therefore, we must select less invasive tecniques of access to the nerve implaying minor functional limitation. There are other treatment alternatives: laser therapy, phisiological inhibiton of pain, transcutaneuos neural stimulation and acupuncture.
DeCs: TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA/pathophysiology/diagnosis/treatment.
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