Variations of the lower third of the face and temporomandibular disorders: needs of health care
Keywords:
VERTICAL DIMENSION, TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT, TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS, ORTHODONTICS/ treatment, DENTIST-PATIENT RELATIONS.Abstract
Introduction: temporomandibular joint is one of the most complex craniofacial structures; it maintains a close relationship with the neuromuscular, postural-tonic systems and the dental occlusion.
Objective: to identify the vertical dimensions of the lower third of the face and the temporomandibular disorders, to outline the needs of health care.
Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was conducted from January 2017 to February 2018 at Antonio Briones Montoto Teaching Dentistry Clinic. The target group was comprised of 803 students chosen from the Secondary School of the health area, while the sample included 256 schoolchildren. The clinical method was applied through a questionnaire and physical examination.
Results: of the students examined 14.8 % presented facial proportion, 33.9 % showed a decrease in the lower third and 51.1 % in the lower third increased, adolescents with temporomandibular disorders prevailed 52.3 % with the lower third of the increased face predominating the association with this disorder, 24.2 % of them presented Moyers Class I Syndrome and 18.3% Moyers Class II Syndrome related respectively to temporomandibular joint disorders, corrective treatment was most needed ( 47.4%).
Conclusions: the increased lower third was the greatest disorder determined presenting a statistically significant relationship with temporomandibular joint disorders regardless of gender, the Moyers class I syndrome was the most predominant and corrective orthodontic treatment showing the greatest need for health care.
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