Las periodontopatías como factor de riesgo de la cardiopatía isquémica, 2008 / Periodontopathies as a risk factor for ischemic heart failure, 2008
Abstract
Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, longitudinal y prospectiva, con una muestra constituida por 120 pacientes, pertenecientes al área de salud Turcios Lima y atendidos en la Clínica Estomatológica "Guamá", del municipio Pinar del Río, durante el año 2008, con el objetivo de determinar la relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y la cardiopatía isquémica. Los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos etarios: grupo A(Control) integrado por 60 pacientes escogidos aleatoriamente que asistían a nuestra consulta y sin historia de infarto agudo del miocardio, y el grupo B (pacientes infartados) de 60 pacientes que fueron remitidos desde los consultorios médicos para ser incluidos en esta investigación. Al total se aplicó el índice de necesidad de tratamiento periodontal de la comunidad. Todos los pacientes infartados grupo B sufrieron periodontopatías, mientras que entre los no infartados solo la mitad padecieron de afecciones parodontales. Se utilizaron los métodos de la Estadísticos descriptiva y la comparación de frecuencias de Ji cuadrado al 95 % de certeza. El hábito de fumar, la edad mayor de 50 años, el sexo masculino y la mala higiene bucal se identificaron como factores comunes de riesgo para ambas enfermedades. Los estadios más avanzados de la enfermedad periodontal (bolsas de 6 mm o más), aumentaron su incidencia con la edad y fue más frecuente en los pacientes infartados, con mayor necesidad de cirugía periodontal. Todos los pacientes afectados tenían necesidad de adiestramiento en cepillado dental.
Palabras clave: ENFERMEDAD PERIODONTAL / epidemiología, CARDIOPATIA ISQUEMICA / epidemiología / factores de riesgo.
ABSTRACT
A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective research was conducted with a sample of 120 patients belonging to the primary care health area of "Turcios Lima" Outpatient Clinic attending to "Guama" Dentist's Clinic in Pinar del Rio municipality during 2008, and was aimed at determining the relation between periodontal diseases and ischemic heart failure. The patients were divided into two groups: A (control) comprised of 60 patients randomly chosen from those attended to the dentist office without medical history of acute myocardial infarction, and group B- (patients who suffered from infarction) 60 patients referred from the family medical office. The total of the sample was examined and the rate of need for periodontal treatment of the community was applied. Descriptive statistic methods were used, and Ji squared test for 95 % of certainty was used to compare frequencies. All patients of the group-B suffered from periodontopathies, meanwhile those belonging to group-A only the half of them suffered from parodontal affections. The smoking habit, over 50 years, male sex and poor oral hygiene were identified as common risk factors for both diseases. The most advanced stages for periodontal disease (bursas of 6mm or more) increased with age being more frequent in patients of group-B having a greater need of periodontal surgery. All the patients affected had to be trained in teeth brushing.
Key words: Periodontal disease/epidemiology, Ischemic heart failure/epidemiology/risk factors.
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References
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