Acinetobacter infections and antibiotic resistance at Pepe Portilla Pediatric Hospital Pinar del Rio, Pinar del Rio province

Abstract

Introduction: Acinetobacter spp. infections are a health problem because they are a growing cause of infections in intensive care and oncohematological services.

Objective: to determine infections and antibiotic resistance by Acinetobacter spp at Pepe Portilla Pediatric Hospital during 2019 and 2020.

Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational, research-development study was conducted; the target group and the sample comprised 26 patients with Acinetobacter infection, the documentary review was the source of information, analyzing blood cultures, cerebrospinal fluid, endotracheal secretions, pleural probe and venous catheter cultures.

Results: twenty-six Acinetobacter strains were isolated, 88,5 % corresponded to the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (Acb) complex, predominating in intensive care 42,3 %, respiratory and miscellaneous services 19,2 % and 15,4 % respectively; non-Acb strains represented 11,5 %. There was absolute resistance to ampicillin, 92,3 %, cefazolin 76,9 %, cefuroxime, with resistance to the rest of the third and fourth generation cephalosporins ranging from 46.1 % to 53.8 %; 30.8 % showed a multidrug-resistant pattern, 57,7 % extremely multidrug-resistant of the Acb complex; 73,1 % were positive for the presence of   a carbapenemase,   of which 69,2 % of the Acb complex. Children under 5 years of age 69,6 %, previous use of antimicrobials 56,6 %, use of venous catheter 43,5 %, were the most common risk factors found.

Conclusions: Acinetobacter infections are a cause of serious morbidity in patients at risk.