Cancer Cérvico Uterino en la Tercera Edad: P. del Río, 2005-2008 / Cervical Cancer in the aged: Pinar del Río, 2005-2008
Abstract
El propósito del presente trabajo ha sido caracterizar epidemiológica y clínicamente al cáncer cérvicouterino en la tercera edad en Pinar del Río. Método: Diseño observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Universo: Mujeres de 60 años y más de la región oeste de la Provincia Pinar del Río que tuvieron biopsias que interesaban el cuello uterino. Variables: edad, motivo de consulta, diagnóstico, rendimiento citológico, incidencia y mortalidad (por 100000 mujeres de ese grupo de edades) y letalidad en %. Resultados: Los motivos principales de consulta fueron la lesión macroscópica y el sangrado posmenopáusico. Predominó el subgrupo de 60-64 años (rango 60-94). Casi el 50% tenía lesiones cervicales. La citología mostró una sensibilidad de 9,8%, especificidad de 96,5%, valor predictivo positivo de 71.4% y el negativo de 54.7%. El carcinoma escamoso invasor (CINV) en cualquiera de sus estadios presentó una incidencia promedio anual de 57,4; el adenocarcinoma endocervical (AEC) de 8,0 y el adenocarcinoma endometrial (AEM), 35.6. No hubo diferencias de edad (F=0.52; p = 0.76). El carcinoma escamoso in situ tuvo una incidencia anual 10,2. La mortalidad anual por CINV fue de 14,3 y por AEC, 3,6, mientras que por AEM fue de 11,3. La letalidad mayor se observó en el AEC (54.5 %), Conclusiones. Las mujeres de la tercera edad aportan lesiones malignas con altas tasas de mortalidad y letalidad por lo que deben ser priorizadas ante cualquier signo macroscópico o sangrado posmenopáusico. Debe hacerse un seguimiento más continuo en la mujer antes de arribar a 60 años para evitar la morbilidad y la muerte.
Palabras clave: cáncer del cuello uterino, anciano, lesiones
ABSTRACT
With the purpose of analyzing the state of the art in cervical cancer and precursor lesions a review of articles and research papers on the topic of the last five years was performed. Other original papers and articles considering level i-ii of medical evidence were reviewed. The medical literatures browsed on line were published on: Cochrane, Dynamed, Evidence-based Medicine Updates, New England Journal of Medicine, J Clinical Oncology, Medscape, PubMed, and the International Agency of Cancer in France. The following aspects were revised: definitions, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, cytology, colposcopy, histopathology, classification, clinical stages, treatments, prevention, health promotion and social problems. Cervical Cancer is a preventable and curable disease, which is sexually transmitted by Human Papillomavirus having an annual higher incidence and prevalence; despite the screening programs it is still a health problem. Alternatives of screening are needed and they should be adequate to the local necessities, establishing a sustainable prevention and treatment to diminish the social and economic burden derived from this problem.
Key words: cervix neoplasms, wounds and injuries, aged.
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