Características clínico - epidemiológicas de las cardiopatías congénitas. Clinical-epidemiological characteristics of congenital heart defects

Authors

  • Sergio Piloña Ruiz Especialista de I Grado en Neonatología. Hospital Provincial Docente Gineco-Obstétrico "Justo Legón Padilla". Pinar del Río.
  • Ramón Acosta Díaz Especialista de I Grado en Pediatría. Profesor Asistente. Jefe de servicio de Neonatología. Hospital Docente Gineco-Obstétrico "Justo Legón Padilla". Pinar del Río.
  • Orlando Martínez Hernández Especialista de I Grado en Pediatría. Profesor Asistente. Jefe de servicio de Neonatología. Hospital Docente Gineco-Obstétrico "Justo Legón Padilla". Pinar del Río.
  • María Elena Portal Miranda Especialista de I Grado en Neonatología. Instructora. Hospital Provincial Docente Gineco-Obstétrico "Justo Legón Padilla". Pinar del Río.

Abstract

Con el objetivo de conocer algunas características clínico - epidemiológicos en recién nacidos con cardiopatías congénitas, se realizó un estudio prospectivo longitudinal y analítico entre los nacimientos ocurridos en el Hospital Gineco-obstétrico provincial Justo Legón Padilla de Pinar del Río, desde enero-96 hasta diciembre-97. Se estudiaron 11,234 nacidos vivos, diagnosticándosele una cardiopatía congénita a 63 de ellos, se evaluaron criterios clínicos, electrocardiográficos y ecocardiográficos. Para el procesamiento estadístico se utilizaron bases de datos de Microsoft Excel-97, aplicándosele análisis porcentual y/o chi cuadrado, según fuera necesario con un nivel de significación p< 0.05.Se observó una incidencia de cardiopatías congénitas de 56.07x 10 000 nacidos vivos, con 14 fallecidos, para una totalidad del 22.2%, para una letalidad del 22.2%, con predominio del sexo masculino aunque no resultó estadísticamente significativo, así como una tasa de mortalidad de 1.24x 1000 nacidos vivos. Las cardiopatías congénitas más frecuentes fueron los defectos septales interventriculares aislados (61.8 %), siendo la aparición del soplo (95.2%) la forma de debut clínico más frecuente y la etiología poligénica multifactorial estuvo presente en el (85.6%) de los casos. Se le realizó eco cardiografía al 100% de los casos estudio necrósico a todos los fallecidos para el completamiento del estudio.

DeCS: CARDIOPATÍAS CONGENITAS, ANOMALIAS.

ABSTRACT

A prospective, longitudinal and analytic study to know some Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the newborns with congenital cardiopathies was conducted at Justo Legon Padilla Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital, Pinar del Rio, between January, 1996 and December, 1997. During this period, 11.234 live births were studied, 63 of them had a congenital cardiopathy diagnosis, based upon the valoration of clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic criteria. Databases of Microsoft Excel-97, using percentage analysis and shi-square test, were used for the statistical analysis, signification level p< 0.05. Congenital cardiopathies had an incidence of 56.07 x 10 000 live births, with 14 deaths (fatality, 22.2%), masculine sex was predominant, although it wasn't statistically significant; mortality rate was of 1.24 x 100 live births. The most frequent congenital cardiopathies were the isolated intraventricular septal defects (61.8%), being cardiac murmur apparition (95.2%) a main sign of clinical debut, and multifactorial polygenic ethiology was noted in all the cases and a necropsy study was conducted in all the dead babies to complete the investigation.

DeCS: HEART DEFECT , CONGENITAL/ Epidemiology

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How to Cite

1.
Piloña Ruiz S, Acosta Díaz R, Martínez Hernández O, Portal Miranda ME. Características clínico - epidemiológicas de las cardiopatías congénitas. Clinical-epidemiological characteristics of congenital heart defects. Rev Ciencias Médicas [Internet]. 2012 Sep. 28 [cited 2026 Feb. 13];3(2):2-12. Available from: https://revcmpinar.sld.cu/index.php/publicaciones/article/view/65

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 2 (1999)

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

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