Main Disorders of Cerebral Organization in Preterm Neonates
Keywords:
CEREBRO; ENFERMEDADES DEL SISTEMA NERVIOSO; RECIÉN NACIDO PREMATURO; TRASTORNOS DEL NEURODESARROLLO., CEREBRUM; NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; INFANT, PREMATURE; NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS., CÉREBRO; DOENÇAS DO SISTEMA NERVOSO; RECÉM-NASCIDO PREMATURO; TRANSTORNOS DO NEURODESENVOLVIMENTO.Abstract
Introduction: central nervous system development in preterm neonates is a complex process, ranging from neuroectodermal induction to myelination. Both genetic and environmental factors influence this development, and any disruption may lead to disorders of cerebral organization.
Objective: to provide an updated overview of the main disorders of cerebral organization in preterm neonates.
Methods: a documentary review was conducted, selecting 30 relevant studies from databases including Medline, Virtual Health Library, SciELO, digital books, and Google Scholar. The selected publications, spanning from 1999 to 2024, specifically addressed cerebral organization disorders in preterm neonates.
Results: cerebral organization disorders include conditions such as encephalopathy of prematurity, idiopathic intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, focal cortical dysplasia, lissencephaly, and polymicrogyria, among others. Preterm neonates are at higher risk of developing these disorders due to central nervous system immaturity at birth. Various neuroprotective strategies have been developed.
Conclusions: preterm neonates are at significant risk of diverse neurological disorders due to cerebral immaturity at birth. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary care is essential to improve management and long-term outcomes. Early and appropriate intervention is crucial to minimize neurodevelopmental sequelae, and neuroprotective strategies are vital to enhancing these patients’ quality of life.
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