Hematological alterations in a preterm newborn with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report
Keywords:
INFANT, NEWBORN, COVID-19, THROMBOCYTOPENIA.Abstract
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 virus disease (COVID-19) is a new pathology declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization, which can have negative consequences for pregnant women and newborns.Objective: to present the case of a preterm neonate with early-diagnosed COVID-19, who exhibited hematological abnormalities and developed severe infection-related complications. Case Presentation: a male neonate with moderate prematurity and low birth weight, born to a critically ill mother diagnosed with COVID-19-related bronchopneumonia. A cesarean section was performed at 33,4 weeks of gestation. The newborn was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with a diagnosis of severe respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19-associated pulmonary edema and a positive polymerase chain reaction test. By day 13 of life, the patient experienced clinical deterioration marked by progressive thrombocytopenia, unresponsive to frequent transfusions. Microbiological studies were negative. Hematological evaluation confirmed post-COVID infection-related changes. Treatment with immunosuppressive doses of human immunoglobulin (for five days) and corticosteroids (for 1 month) led to a favorable response. The infant was discharged after 67 days without further complications and continues to receive multidisciplinary neurodevelopmental follow-up. Conclusion: COVID-19 is an emerging disease that affects individuals of all ages, including newborns, and poses a significant risk of prematurity, hematological disorders, serious conditions such as respiratory distress, and prolonged hospital stays.
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