Rotura prematura de las membranas ovulares en gestantes de 27 semanas y más. Su evolución. Premature rupture of membranes at 27 weeks of gestation and more. Its natural history
Abstract
Con el objetivo de incrementar los conocimientos sobre la evolución de la rotura prematura de las membranas ovulares, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, transversal y analítico de las gestantes de 27 semanas y más con esta entidad (grupo estudio n=434) que ingresaron en el hospital docente gineco- obstétrico Justo Legón Padilla de Pinar del Río, en el período de julio a diciembre de 1996. Se estudiaron las variables maternas: edad gestacional al parto, horas de evolución de la entidad, modo de comienzo de la labor de parto, causa de inducción del parto, tipo de nacimiento, y causas de cesárea. Los datos se agruparon en cuadros simples a los que se aplicó porciento y chi cuadrado con un nivel de significación de p<0,05. Predominó la labor de parto espontánea y el período de lactancia menor de 12 horas en la gran mayoría de las gestantes. Las causas más frecuentes de inducción del parto fueron: el período de lactancia cumplido, la presencia de signos de sepsis y la frecuencia cardíaca fetal alterada. El parto fue más frecuente que la cesárea y la sepsis ovular, el sufrimiento fetal y la cesárea anterior fueron las principales indicaciones de cesárea.
DeCS: ROTURA PREMATURA DE MEMBRANAS FETALES, CESAREA; PARTO/ Métodos; TRABAJO DE PARTO/ Inducido químicamente; TRABAJO DE PARTO PREMATURO, SEGUNDO TRIMESTRE DEL EMBARAZO.
ABSTRACT
Aiming to have a deeper knowledge on the evolution of premature rupture of ovular membranes, a retrospective, cross-sectional and analytic study of the pregnant women with 27 weeks and more presenting this entity (study group, n=434) was carried out at Justo Legon Padilla Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital, Pinar del Rio, between July and December 1996. The following variables were studied: gestational age at the time of delivery, evolution hours of the mentioned entity, beginning of labor, causes of delivery induction, kind of birth and causes of cesarean. Data were collected in tables using percentage and shi-square tests with a signification level of p<0.05. Spontaneous labor and a latency period >12 hours were predominant for the majority of pregnant women. The most frequent causes of delivery induction were: completed latency period, presence of septical signs and altered fetal cardiac frequency. Delivery was more frequent when compared with cesarean and ovular sepsis; fetal suffering and anterior cesarean were the main indications for cesarean.
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