Use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as an irrigating solution in root canals
Keywords:
CAPA DE BARRO DENTINARIO; ENDODONCIA; QUELANTES DEL HIERRO., SMEAR LAYER; ENDODONTICS; IRON CHELATING AGENTS. , CAMADA DE ESFREGAÇO; ENDODONTIA; QUELANTES DE FERRO.Abstract
Introduction: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent used in endodontics to facilitate cleaning and disinfection of root canals by removing the smear layer and improving the sealing of obturation materials.
Objective: to present the benefits of EDTA as a root canal irrigant.
Methods: a systematic literature review was conducted. A search strategy was developed across multiple databases, and relevant information was retrieved, analyzed, synthesized, and selected based on relevance and pertinence.
Development: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is a hexadentate chelating agent capable of forming stable complexes with metal ions, especially calcium, giving it efficacy in removing the smear layer during endodontic irrigation. Its use as a 17 % solution for 1–3 minutes opens dentinal tubules and improves permeability, enhancing the penetration of antimicrobial agents. However, prolonged exposure may weaken dentin and reduce its resistance. Although direct clinical evidence is limited, in vitro studies and systematic reviews support its routine incorporation into endodontic protocols, with an acceptable safety profile and extensive accumulated clinical experience.
Conclusions: as an endodontic irrigant, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid optimizes the removal of residual dentin debris, pulpal remnants, and bacteria, improving canal preparation. However, its lack of biocompatibility requires clinical caution to protect the patient’s soft tissues during the procedure.
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