Impact of vitamin D on insulin sensitivity and glycemic homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Abstract
Introduction: type 2 diabetes represents a growing public health problem, in which vitamin D has emerged as a potential modulator of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
Objective: to describe the role of vitamin D in glycemic homeostasis and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: a literature review was conducted through the search of sources from different databases. Studies meeting the selection criteria were identified and selected, followed by an analysis of those that allowed for a comprehensive and adequate approach to the topic.
Development: the analyzed studies show that low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with greater insulin resistance, poorer glycemic control, and an increased risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes. Pancreatic beta cells express vitamin D receptors, suggesting a direct effect on insulin secretion. In addition, vitamin D exhibits anti-inflammatory properties that could mitigate the chronic inflammation linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, results regarding supplementation are heterogeneous and influenced by methodological differences, doses used, and analytical techniques employed to measure vitamin D levels.
Conclusions: vitamin D may play a protective role in type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and pancreatic function. Nevertheless, the current evidence remains inconclusive, justifying the need for standardized studies that allow the establishment of clear clinical recommendations.
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