Opportunistic mucormycosis infection in patients with COVID-19
Keywords:
COVID-19; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; MUCORMYCOSIS., COVID-19; INFECCIONES OPORTUNISTAS; MUCORMICOSIS., COVID-19; INFECÇÕES OPORTUNISTAS; MUCORMICOSE.Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has generated infectious complications with significant clinical impact, among them mucormycosis, an invasive mycosis that primarily affects immunocompromised patients and those with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
Objective: to analyze the relationship between mucormycosis and COVID-19, identifying risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatments.
Methods: a literature review was conducted, identifying sources from different databases through a search algorithm. The selection and analysis of those that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria allowed the topic to be addressed through a critical and structured analysis, ensuring methodological rigor and transparency throughout the process.
Development: a significant increase in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis has been evidenced, especially in countries with a high prevalence of diabetes. The main predisposing factors were corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and states of immunosuppression. The most frequent clinical presentation was the rhino-orbital-cerebral form, although pulmonary, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal cases were also documented. Early diagnosis through microbiological tests and imaging is crucial to improve prognosis. The recommended treatment combines systemic antifungals, mainly liposomal amphotericin B, with surgical debridement in advanced cases. Mortality remains high, underscoring the need for preventive strategies and an interdisciplinary approach.
Conclusions: mucormycosis constitutes a serious complication in patients with COVID-19, favored by the interaction between viral infection, diabetes, and corticosteroid use. It is necessary to strengthen preventive measures, optimize diagnosis, and apply combined therapies to reduce the high associated mortality.
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