Use of lasers in the treatment of periodontal disease
Keywords:
PERIODONCIA; REGENERACIÓN TISULAR GUIADA PERIODONTAL; TERAPIA POR LÁSER., PERIODONTICS; GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION, PERIODONTAL; LASER THERAPY., PERIODONTIA; REGENERAÇÃO TECIDUAL GUIADA PERIODONTAL; TERAPIA A LASER.Abstract
Introduction: laser surgery has emerged as an adjuvant therapeutic alternative with the potential to optimize clinical periodontal outcomes.
Objective: to analyze the available scientific evidence on the use of laser therapy in the treatment of periodontal disease.
Methods: a systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases were consulted using a search algorithm that enabled the identification of existing sources. A selection process was carried out based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by an in-depth analysis of the studies that allowed for an adequate approach to the topic addressed.
Development: the analyzed literature describes the use of different types of lasers, including Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, diode, Er,Cr:YSGG, and InGaAsP, in both surgical and non-surgical therapies. The main findings indicate improvements in periodontal clinical parameters, such as reduced probing depth, gain in clinical attachment level, decreased bleeding on probing, and reduced subgingival bacterial load. Additionally, photothermal and biostimulatory effects have been reported, promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration.
Conclusions: laser surgery represents a promising adjuvant alternative in the management of periodontal disease, with potential benefits in inflammation reduction, bacterial control, and tissue regeneration. However, current evidence is not conclusive regarding its superiority over conventional therapies. Well-designed clinical studies with standardized protocols and long-term follow-up are required to more precisely define its effectiveness and clinical applicability.
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