Palliative care strategies for older adults: systematic review of interventions and clinical outcomes
Keywords:
ANCIANO; CALIDAD DE VIDA; CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS; SALUD DEL ANCIANO.; AGED; QUALITY OF LIFE; PALLIATIVE CARE; HEALTH OF THE ELDERLY.; IDOSO; QUALIDADE DE VIDA; CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS; SAÚDE DO IDOSO.Abstract
Introduction: population aging increases the prevalence of chronic and terminal diseases, generating the need for comprehensive palliative care in older adults.
Objective: to describe palliative care strategies in older adults through a systematic review of interventions and clinical outcomes.
Methods: a systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted across various databases. The search was performed using an algorithm with keywords and Boolean operators, allowing the identification of relevant sources. The selected studies, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, were critically analyzed considering timeliness, methodological quality, and thematic relevance, and were integrated into the final synthesis of the review.
Development: the findings show that palliative care improves quality of life, reduces unnecessary hospitalizations, and favors a dignified death. The role of nursing is highlighted as a leader in implementing strategies, including monitoring of physical and psychological symptoms, advance care planning, and emotional support. The literature underscores the importance of specialized programs, caregiver training, and multidisciplinary teams that integrate physical, social, and spiritual support. Likewise, emphasis is placed on the humanization of care and effective communication with patients and families.
Conclusions: palliative care in older adults constitutes an essential component of healthcare, especially in advanced chronic diseases. Its comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach ensures dignified and compassionate support. Nursing leadership and caregiver training are key pillars to optimize quality of life and strengthen the humanization of care in the final stage of life.
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