Impact of hypomineralization on children's oral health
Keywords:
ESMALTE DENTAL; HIPOMINERALIZACIÓN DEL ESMALTE DENTAL; SALUD BUCAL., DENTAL ENAMEL; DENTAL ENAMEL HYPOMINERALIZATION; ORAL HEALTH., ESMALTE DENTÁRIO; HIPOMINERALIZAÇÃO DO ESMALTE DENTÁRIO; SAÚDE BUCAL.Abstract
Introduction: molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative enamel defect that affects children’s oral health, causing sensitivity and predisposition to caries.
Objective: to describe the clinical impact of hypomineralization on incisors and molars, as well as management strategies reported in recent literature.
Methods: a systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted across multiple databases. The search employed an algorithm combining keywords and Boolean operators to identify relevant sources. Selected studies, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, were critically analyzed considering recency, methodological quality, and thematic relevance, and integrated into the final synthesis of the review.
Development: reported prevalence ranges from 2,4 % to 40 %, with greater involvement of first permanent molars and second primary molars. Risk factors include systemic illnesses in early childhood, prematurity, and nutritional deficiencies. Clinically, it manifests as white, yellow, or brown opacities, hypersensitivity, and rapid caries progression. Therapeutic management includes preventive measures (fluorides, desensitizing varnishes, sealants) and restorations using composite resins, glass ionomer, or metal and ceramic crowns. Adhesion to hypomineralized enamel remains a challenge, driving research into new materials.
Conclusions: dental hypomineralization is a prevalent and complex problem in pediatric dentistry. Early diagnosis and comprehensive management are essential to prevent functional and aesthetic complications. Available evidence emphasizes the need for preventive strategies from early childhood and standardized clinical guidelines to assist professionals in treatment.
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