Evaluation of the efficacy of fecal transplantation for restoring the intestinal microbiota
Keywords:
DISBIOSIS; MICROBIOMA GASTROINTESTINAL; TERAPIAS COMPLEMENTARIAS; TRASPLANTE DE MICROBIOTA FECAL.; DYSBIOSIS; GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOME; COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES; FECAL MICROBIOTA TRANSPLANTATION. ; DISBIOSE; MICROBIOMA GASTROINTESTINAL; TERAPIAS COMPLEMENTARES; TRANSPLANTE DE MICROBIOTA FECAL.Abstract
Introduction: intestinal dysbiosis is associated with multiple digestive and systemic pathologies, driving interest in alternative therapies such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of fecal transplantation in restoring intestinal microbiota across different age groups.
Methods: a systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted across multiple databases. The search employed an algorithm combining keywords and Boolean operators to identify relevant sources. Selected studies, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, were critically analyzed considering recency, methodological quality, and thematic relevance, and integrated into the final synthesis of the review.
Development: evidence shows that FMT is highly effective in recurrent Clostridium difficile infections, in both adults and children, with success rates exceeding 80%, and demonstrates acceptable safety in immunocompromised patients—though prospective studies are needed to confirm risks. In children with autism spectrum disorder, preliminary trials suggest gastrointestinal and behavioral benefits. In adults with Asperger syndrome, clinical improvement has been documented after multiple FMT rounds, opening new research avenues on the gut-brain axis.
Conclusions: fecal transplantation represents a promising therapeutic alternative for restoring intestinal microbiota in various pathologies. Its benefits are most evident in Clostridium difficile infections, while in neurological disorders and vulnerable populations, higher-quality controlled studies are still required. Available evidence supports its potential as an innovative strategy in digestive and preventive medicine.
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