Recent advances and challenges in the management of bovine tuberculosis
Keywords:
SALUD ÚNICA; TÉCNICAS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS DIAGNÓSTICOS; TUBERCULOSIS BOVINA; VIGILANCIA DE ZOONOSIS; ZOONOSIS.; ONE HEALTH; DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES; TUBERCULOSIS, BOVINE; ZOONOSIS SURVEILLANCE; ZOONOSES. ; SAÚDE ÚNICA; TÉCNICAS E PROCEDIMENTOS DIAGNÓSTICOS; TUBERCULOSIS, BOVINE; VIGILÂNCIA DE ZOONOSES; ZOONOSES.Abstract
Introduction: bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, persists as a global health and economic problem, with zoonotic implications that affect public health and livestock sustainability.
Objective: to analyze recent advances in the diagnosis, epidemiology, prevention, and control of bovine tuberculosis, identifying current challenges and future perspectives.
Methods: a systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted across various databases. The search was performed using an algorithm with keywords and Boolean operators, allowing the identification of relevant sources. The selected studies, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, were critically analyzed considering timeliness, methodological quality, and thematic relevance, and integrated into the final synthesis of the review.
Development: the literature shows the persistence of the disease in multiple regions, with variable prevalence and diagnostic limitations associated with the tuberculin test. Vaccination with BCG and attenuated variants shows promising results, although still insufficient for eradication. Risk factors such as age, pregnancy, and coexistence with wildlife, which act as reservoirs, are highlighted. Control strategies include biosecurity programs, quarantine, and culling, though they face economic and social barriers. WHO and international organizations promote integrated approaches under the One Health paradigm, emphasizing the need for diagnostic innovation and greater investment in research.
Conclusions: bovine tuberculosis remains a complex challenge that requires integrated strategies of control, surveillance, and vaccination. International cooperation and the One Health approach are essential to mitigate its zoonotic and economic impact, strengthening livestock sustainability and public health.
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