Use of artificial intelligence in neurology: analysis of algorithms and their effectiveness in medical practice
Keywords:
DIAGNÓSTICO; ENFERMEDADES NEURODEGENERATIVAS; INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL; NEUROLOGÍA; TERAPÉUTICA.; DIAGNOSIS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; NEUROLOGY; THERAPEUTICS.; DIAGNÓSTICO; DOENÇAS NEURODEGENERATIVAS; INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL; NEUROLOGIA; TERAPÊUTICA.Abstract
Introduction: neurological diseases are among the leading causes of disability and mortality, making brain health a global priority.
Objective: to examine the use of artificial intelligence algorithms in neurology and their diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness.
Methods: a systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted across various databases. The search employed a keyword algorithm with Boolean operators to identify relevant sources. Selected studies, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, were critically analyzed considering timeliness, methodological quality, and thematic relevance, and integrated into the final synthesis.
Development: artificial intelligence has proven highly useful in the interpretation of neuroimaging, achieving precise identification of brain structures and early detection of neurodegenerative diseases. Deep learning models have been applied to conditions such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and epilepsy, improving classification and prediction of clinical progression. In neuro-oncology, AI algorithms optimized biomarker evaluation and therapeutic response. However, limitations remain regarding insufficient professional training in AI, the need for ethical regulation, and variability of results depending on data quality.
Conclusions: the incorporation of artificial intelligence in neurology represents a revolutionary advance, capable of transforming the diagnosis and management of complex pathologies. Its impact lies in diagnostic precision and treatment personalization, though it requires strengthened regulatory frameworks, medical training, and clinical validation to ensure responsible and sustainable use.
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