Early intervention in pathological infant thumb-sucking: identification and application of evidence-based strategies
Keywords:
HÁBITOS; INTERVENCIÓN MÉDICA TEMPRANA; ODONTOLOGÍA PEDIÁTRICA; SUCCIÓN DEL DEDO.; HABITS; EARLY MEDICAL INTERVENTION; PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY; FINGERSUCKING.; HÁBITOS; INTERVENÇÃO MÉDICA PRECOCE; ODONTOPEDIATRIA; SUCÇÃO DE DEDO.Abstract
Introduction: pathological thumb sucking in childhood is a frequent oral habit that can cause dentofacial alterations, functional difficulties, and emotional repercussions, highlighting its clinical and preventive importance.
Objective: to analyze the most effective early intervention strategies to prevent and correct thumb sucking in children aged 4-6 years.
Methods: a systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted across different databases, using an algorithm with keywords and Boolean operators to identify relevant sources. The selected studies, after applying rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria, were critically evaluated in terms of timeliness, methodological quality, and thematic relevance, and coherently integrated into the final synthesis of the review.
Development: the findings show that persistence of the habit beyond four years is associated with anterior open bite, deep palate, and phonetic alterations. The most reported strategies include positive reinforcement, physical or chemical barriers, and removable or fixed orthodontic devices. Additionally, parental and caregiver education, along with regular pediatric dental follow-up, are emphasized. The evidence converges on the need for an interdisciplinary approach that combines clinical management with psychological and family support.
Conclusions: early intervention, supported by evidence-based strategies and applied integrally, reduces dental complications and promotes healthy oral development. This approach contributes to improving children’s quality of life and preventing functional and emotional sequelae associated with pathological thumb sucking.
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