Clinical management of hypertensive complications during pregnancy
Keywords:
ECLAMPSIA; HIPERTENSIÓN INDUCIDA EN EL EMBARAZO; PREECLAMPSIA; TERAPÉUTICA.; ECLAMPSIA; HYPERTENSION, PREGNANCY-INDUCED; PRE-ECLAMPSIA; THERAPEUTICS.; ECLAMPSIA; HIPERTENSÃO INDUZIDA PELA GRAVIDEZ; PRÉ-ECLÂMPSIA; TERAPÊUTICA.Abstract
Introduction: hypertensive complications during pregnancy represent a significant public health problem due to the high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated.
Objective: to describe treatment protocols and therapeutic strategies for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia.
Methods: a systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted across several databases. The search was performed using an algorithm with keywords and Boolean operators, allowing the identification of relevant sources. Selected studies were critically analyzed considering timeliness, methodological quality, and thematic relevance, and were integrated into the final synthesis of the review.
Development: traditional drugs such as methyldopa, labetalol, and nifedipine are safe and effective for blood pressure control in pregnant women. However, new emerging therapies show superior results. Sildenafil has demonstrated improvement in placental perfusion and reduction in the progression to preeclampsia. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors stand out for significantly decreasing the incidence of low birth weight and preterm delivery. Likewise, monoclonal antibodies targeting angiogenic factors offer a promising alternative to restore vascular balance. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as a balanced diet, stress reduction, and moderate physical activity, complement clinical management.
Conclusions: the integration of innovative therapies, together with traditional strategies and preventive measures, can optimize the management of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. These advances reinforce the need for evidence-based clinical protocols and specialized obstetric follow-up to improve perinatal outcomes and reduce long-term complications.
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