Evaluación nutricional de niños prematuros atendidos por el método piel a piel. Nutritional assessment of premature infants undergoing skin-to-skin method
Abstract
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y longitudinal con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos del "Método Piel a Piel" sobre algunas variaciones del estado nutricional de niños prematuros nacidos vivos, ocurridos en el Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Provincial Docente "Justo Legón Padilla" de Pinar del Río, desde enero-97 hasta diciembre-98. Se estudiaron 130 niños con estas características, a las cuales se les llenó una planilla donde se recogió, peso, edad gestacional, sexo, crecimiento intrauterino, estado nutricional, alimentario y la morbilidad hasta el año de edad. Los datos obtenidos se depositaron en base de datos para el procesamiento estadístico, aplicándose el test de Chi cuadrado y la Prueba T de comparación de media, ambos con un nivel de significación de p < 0,05. Observamos que con la aplicación del Método Piel a Piel se logra reducir la estadía hospitalaria, prolongación de la lactancia materna exclusiva al sexto mes de vida y no existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el estado nutricional al año de edad, comparándolos con niños normales nacidos a términos (controles).
DeCS: MÉTODO PIEL A PIEL, MADRE CANGURO, ESTIMULACIÓN TEMPRANA, LACTANCIA MATERNA EN PREMATUROS.
ABSTRACT
A prospective longitudinal study is made aimed at evaluating the effects of the Skin to Skin Method about some variations of the nutricional state of premature alive infants occurred at Justo Legón Padilla Memorial Gynecology-Obstetrics Provincial Hospital in Pinar del Río, from January 1997 to December 1998. 130 infants with these characteristics were studied. A form was filled for each of the infants in which data such as weight, gestational age, sex, intrauterine growth, nutricional and feeding status as well as morbidity up to one year of age were included. Data obtained were situated in the data base for its statistic process, Chi square test and T-test for medium comparison were applied, both with a significant level of p < 0,05. With the application of Skin to Skin Method hospital stay is decreased, lengthening of exclusive breast feeding to the sixth month of life and there were not significant statistic differences in the nutricional status at one year of age, as compared to normal infants born at term (controls).
DeCS: SKIN TO SKIN METHOD, KANGAROO MOTHER, EARLY STIMULATION, MOTHER FEEDING TO PREMATURE INFANTS.
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