Epidemiología y evolución de la macrosomía perinatal. Epidemiology and evolution of perinatal macrosomia

Authors

  • Manuel Piloto Morejón Especialista en Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital Docente Gineco Obstétrico "Justo Legón Padilla". Pinar del Río.
  • Esteban del Pino Malagón Especialista en Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital Docente Gineco Obstétrico "Justo Legón Padilla". Pinar del Río.
  • Roberto Lagar Pérez Especialista en Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital Docente Gineco Obstétrico "Justo Legón Padilla". Pinar del Río.

Abstract

Con el objetivo de determinar la epidemiología y evolución de la macrosomía perinatal, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, transversal y analítico en el Hospital  Gineco-Obstétrico Justo Legón Padilla de Pinar del Río durante el año 1998. La muestra estudio estuvo constituida por la totalidad de los recién nacidos macrosómicos (4000g) y un grupo control con recién nacidos con peso entre 2500 y 3500 g, nacidos ambos grupos en el período señalado. Se analizaron variables maternas, del nacimiento, del recién nacido y los datos se agruparon  en tablas simples y de contingencia, aplicándose: porciento, media, odds ratio y chi cuadrado. Los principales resultados fueron: una incidencia de macrosomía perinatal de 5,81 %, la detección de tres factores de riesgo de macrosomía importantes como: el antecedente de macrosomía anterior (OR=9,07), el embarazo prolongado (OR=6,69) y la ganancia de peso total >18kg (presente solamente en el grupo estudio). Se encontró relación altamente significativa  (mediante chi cuadrado) entre el macrosómico, el hidramnios y la distocia de hombros. El índice de cesárea primitiva en el macrosómico, fue ligeramente superior al general de cesáreas primitivas del hospital y las dos primeras causas de esta intervención se comportaron de igual forma a los datos del centro. La morbilidad de la madre fue 3,91 veces superior a la del neonato (46,66 % vs 11,93 %). No se reportaron fallecidos en el binomio madre-hijo en nuestro estudio.

DeCS: MACROSOMIA FETAL/epidemiología; DIABETES MELLITUS/embarazo; EDAD MATERNA; EDAD MATERNA DE 35 PARA ARRIBA; EMBARAZO EN LA ADOLESCENCIA; CESAREA; PRESENTACION EN TRABAJO DE PARTO; TRAUMATISMO AL NACIMIENTO; HEMORRAGIA PUERPERAL; ASFIXIA NEONATAL.

ABSTRACT

With the objective to determine the epidemiology and evolution of the perinatal macrosomia, a retrospective transversal and analytic study was made in Justo Legón Padilla Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital in Pinar del Río during 1998. The study sample was constituted by all the macrosomic neonate (? 4000 g) and a control group of neonate between 2500-3500 of weight, both in the noted period. Maternal variables of neonate birth were analyzed and data were grouped in simple and contingency tables applying: percent, mean, odds ratio and Chi square test. The main results were: an incidence of perinatal macrosomia of 5,81 %, detection of 3 important risk factors of macrosomia as: the antecedent of previous macrosomia (OR = 9,07), extended pregnancy (OR = 6,69) and the total gain of weight > 18 kg. (Only in the study group). A highly significant relation was found (by means of Chi square test) among macrosomic, hydramnio and shoulder cystocia. The index of primitive cesarean section in the macrosomia was lightly over to the total primitive cesarean section of the hospital and the main causes of this procedure were equal to the center data.Maternal was 3,91 higher than the one in neonate (46,6 % vs. 11,93 %). Deaths in mothers _ child binomial were not reported in our study.

DeCS: FETAL MACROSOMIA/epidemiology, DIABETES MELLITUS, MATERNAL AGE, MATERNAL AGE OLDER THAN 35 YEARS, ADOLESCENCE PREGNANCY, LABOUR PRESENTATION, CESAREAN SECTION, BIRTH TRAUMATISM, PUERPERAL HOMORRHAGIC, NEONATAL ASPHYXIA.

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How to Cite

1.
Piloto Morejón M, del Pino Malagón E, Lagar Pérez R. Epidemiología y evolución de la macrosomía perinatal. Epidemiology and evolution of perinatal macrosomia. Rev Ciencias Médicas [Internet]. 2012 Sep. 28 [cited 2025 Aug. 30];4(2):84-96. Available from: https://revcmpinar.sld.cu/index.php/publicaciones/article/view/94

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2000)

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

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