Current considerations about the diagnosis of ischemic optic neuropathy
Keywords:
ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY/DIAGNOSIS, RISK FACTORS, NEUROLOGY.Abstract
Introduction: Ischemic optic neuropathy (NOI) is a devastating entity that in many cases permanently causes loss of vision in patients.
Objective: to present the aspects related to the adequate diagnosis of ischemic optic neuropathy.
Method: a search of the main scientific articles of the last years was carried out, as well as of the printed literature that includes the subject, the most relevant contents for the preparation of the final report were chosen.
Results: the diagnosis of the disease during the study of visual acuity, the vision of colours, visual field (VF) and sensitivity to contrast as psychophysical tests is essential. In the neuro-ophthalmological examination: pupillary reflexes, indirect ophthalmoscopy and posterior pole bio-microscopy as well as the determination of intraocular pressure. The thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer and papilla can be studied through HRT, OCT and automated perimetry. Electrophysiological tests such as the visual evoked potentials and standard electroretinogram are performed in addition to neuro-imaging studies such as Computed Axial Tomography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.
Conclusions: the correct diagnosis of ischemic optic neuropathy should include an exhaustive questionnaire for the search of the main risk factors and the symptoms and signs of the disease in addition to a complete ophthalmological examination where psychophysical tests, neuro-ophthalmological examination and the neuro-imaging study are included.
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