Update on the hospital management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults
Keywords:
PNEUMONIA, HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT, RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS.Abstract
Introduction: pneumonia is an infectious and inflammatory process of the lung parenchyma caused by microorganisms that affect the distal portion of the respiratory tract.
Objective: to characterize the hospital management of community-acquired pneumonia.
Methods: a systematic bibliographic review was carried out in scientific databases such as: ELSEVIER, Clinical Key, Scielo, Scopus, PubMed, ACIMED and LATINDEX using articles between 2018 and 2024.
Results: different complementary diagnostic techniques for pneumonia are evident, such as PCR, specific biomarkers such as leukocyte count, blood cultures, with Gram staining being one of the easiest and fastest tests. Streptococcus pneumoniae is considered the most common infectious agent, followed by Haemophilus influenzae, and its classification is according to scales that evaluate various clinical characteristics. Antibiotic treatment of CAP will most often begin empirically based on knowledge of the prevalent microorganisms.
Conclusions: community-acquired pneumonia is a serious disease and is among the main causes of mortality worldwide, pneumonia prognostic scales allow discerning outpatient, hospital or intensive management of patients. Complementary studies that help identify the causal germ are important and allow guided treatment to be offered to patients. Prevention is an important point and it has three pillars; influenza vaccination, smoking cessation and pneumococcal vaccination in certain patients.
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