Prevalence of arterial hypertension in older adults. Systematic review
Keywords:
ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION, PREVALENCE, OLDER ADULT.Abstract
Introduction: Arterial hypertension in older adults is a chronic condition that affects cardiovascular health and increases morbidity and mortality associated with heart disease. Objective: to analyze the causes and factors associated with the prevalence of high blood pressure in older adults. Methods: the PRISMA methodology was used to examine studies published between 2019 and 2024. 15 scientific articles obtained through a digital search in various databases were reviewed: Pubmed, Scielo and Scopus, through the Google Scholar search engine.
Results: with aging, blood pressure tends to increase due to changes in arterial stiffness and other physiological mechanisms, leading to a higher incidence of hypertension in this population. The prevalence of hypertension in adults over 60 years of age is high, reaching 42,9 % worldwide. Regarding gender disparities, it is observed that older women have a higher prevalence of hypertension than men, with a progressive increase in blood pressure in women up to age 80. Factors such as inadequate diet, sedentary lifestyle, excessive consumption of sodium and saturated fats, as well as stress, contribute to the development of hypertension in older adults. In addition, structural alterations in the arteries, such as vascular stiffness, play a crucial role in the increase in systolic blood pressure.
Conclusions: arterial hypertension in older adults is a relevant problem that requires specialized care and preventive measures to reduce its impact on cardiovascular health and improve quality of life.
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