Dental biomaterials that cause allergies
Keywords:
ALLERGIES, DENTAL BIOMATERIALS, TREATMENTS.Abstract
Introduction: in contemporary dental practice, various dental materials with specific aesthetic and mechanical properties are used to restore and replace dental structures. However, their prolonged use may lead to adverse effects, including allergic reactions. Objective: to describe the allergic response produced by dental biomaterials. Methods: The literature on allergic reactions to dental biomaterials published between 2018 and 2024 was reviewed, following the PRISMA guidelines. Sixteen relevant studies were selected and qualitative analysis was performed on them, which allowed identifying patterns and gaps, providing a comprehensive overview and basis for future research and clinical practice. Results: materials that can trigger such reactions include composites, latex, local anesthetics, endodontic materials, and metals. Despite the excellent biocompatibility of titanium, hypersensitivity reactions to titanium dental implants have been documented. Furthermore, factors such as poor surgical techniques, bacterial infections, and prosthesis design may contribute to implant failure. The systematic review revealed variable rates of positive reactions to titanium sensitivity testing in patients with a history of intolerance. Furthermore, hydroxyapatite was found to reduce dentin hypersensitivity, while dental hygienists exposed to natural rubber latex developed dermatitis.
Conclusions: it is essential to properly diagnose and manage allergies to dental biomaterials to ensure patient safety and well-being. Safer biomaterials need to be developed and treatment tailored to prevent these allergies in clinical practice.
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